Category Archives: Power Automation

The evolution of digital substations has transformed power system protection and automation. At the center of this evolution lies IEC 61850-9-2, titled “Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled Values over ISO/IEC 8802-3.” This standard defines how digitized analog values (currents and voltages) are transmitted over Ethernet between process-level devices—such as Merging Units (MUs), protection relays, and IEDs… Read More »

The digitalization of substations is reshaping how power systems are protected and controlled. Virtual Protection Relays (VPRs) represent a paradigm shift — moving protection intelligence from dedicated hardware to software-defined, virtualized environments. In this digital framework, IEC 61850-9-2 LE and Merging Units (MUs) are foundational standards and devices enabling this transformation by digitizing analog current and voltage signals… Read More »

Electrical Power Automation refers to the use of control, instrumentation, monitoring, and communication technologies to manage, regulate, optimize, and protect electrical power systems with minimal human intervention. It spans the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical power. In other words, it’s about making the electrical grid or electrical system smarter, more reliable, more efficient, and safer by… Read More »

In the dynamic world of industrial and power automation, two pivotal technologies—Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)—stand out for their roles in controlling and monitoring processes. While they share similarities as industrial computing devices with CPUs, I/O modules, and network interfaces, their differences in design, functionality, and application make them suited to distinct scenarios. This… Read More »