Category Archives: Electrical Testing

Dry-type transformers are integral to the electrical infrastructure of industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities. Because these transformers power critical systems, regular electrical testing and maintenance are essential to ensure safety, reliability, and performance. This article summarizes recommended electrical tests and maintenance practices for dry-type transformers rated 500 kVA and above, based on ANSI/NETA MTS-2019 (Maintenance Testing Specifications) and… Read More »

The digitalization of substations is transforming the way power systems are protected and controlled. Virtual Protection Relays (VPRs) are a major step in this evolution. Instead of using dedicated hardware devices, protection functions now run as software on virtual machines or high-performance computing platforms. This shift is made possible by standards such as IEC 61850-9-2 LE and devices… Read More »

Insulating materials are fundamental to the safe and efficient operation of electrical systems, serving to separate conductive parts from non-conductive ones and prevent unintended current flow. In high-voltage equipment such as motors, generators, transformers, and cables, insulation integrity directly impacts reliability, with studies estimating that up to 98% of electrical failures originate from insulation degradation due to factors… Read More »

In the field of electrical engineering, where the reliability of energy networks is paramount, maintaining the insulation of equipment is a critical challenge. An insulation failure can lead to costly outages, safety risks, or even widespread blackouts. Among the most effective and widely used diagnostic tools is the Tan Delta test, also known as the Dissipation Factor Test… Read More »

Vector algebra is a fundamental tool in electrical engineering, particularly in the analysis of circuits and protection systems. It allows for the representation of physical quantities, such as current or voltage, not only by their magnitude but also by their direction. This article highlights the importance of vector representation in simplifying calculations involving complex quantities, while providing a… Read More »